Medical Oncology delves into the cellular genesis of cancer, which originates not in organs or tissues, but at the cellular level. Normally, cells proliferate, differentiate, and renew themselves; old cells perish and are replaced by new ones. Occasionally, this process is disrupted, leading to excessive, uncontrolled cellular growth or a failure of old cells to die, resulting in a mass of tissue known as a tumor.
What is Oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine dedicated to the study of tumors. The term combines the Latin words 'Oncos' (swelling) and 'logos' (study), reflecting its focus on tumor science.
The field encompasses surgical oncology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology, each playing a critical role in patient treatment and management. Surgical oncology is pivotal for diagnosing and excising tumors, involving various surgical specialties such as general surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and orthopedics. Following surgery, patients may receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are primarily managed by the Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology departments, respectively. This multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective cancer treatment.
Risk factors for Cancer:
Cancer is increasingly recognized as a genetic disorder, initiated by genetic alterations within cells. Despite the body’s defense mechanisms and the immune system’s role in combating abnormalities, cancer can still develop due to immune dysfunction or failure. Consequently, abnormal cellular growth can occur, leading to cancer.
